Dandruff often occurs due to excess scalp oil, fungal overgrowth, dry skin, sweating, stress, irregular hair washing or sensitivity to hair products. It may cause white flakes, itching, scalp inflammation, mild redness, or greasy scaling on the scalp and sometimes around the eyebrows or beard area. Anti-dandruff shampoos containing ketoconazole, zinc pyrithione, selenium disulfide or salicylic acid may reduce flakes, itching and fungal growth on the scalp. Regular scalp cleansing, avoiding excessive oil buildup, and washing hair consistently may help prevent dandruff from returning. Try not to scratch the scalp repeatedly, because this may increase irritation and hair fall. Proper sleep, stress control, hydration and a balanced diet may also gradually support scalp wellness. Avoid using very harsh hair products or leaving sweat on the scalp for long periods, because this may worsen dandruff and itching. Consult your doctor if the dandruff becomes severe, causes hair loss, thick crusting, redness or does not improve despite regular treatment.