Ocrelizumab
About Ocrelizumab
Ocrelizumab is a prescription medicine used to treat adults with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and primary progressive MS. It works by targeting specific immune cells to help reduce the frequency of flare-ups and slow down the worsening of physical disability. This specialised treatment aims to protect the nervous system from ongoing damage.
This medicine is not a daily treatment; instead, it is taken as an intravenous infusion every six months. Because it is delivered directly into a vein by a healthcare provider, you do not need to worry about taking it with food. Incorporating a balanced, anti-inflammatory diet and regular, gentle physical activity can also support your overall health while receiving this therapy.
Some people may experience common side effects, such as nose or throat infections, skin infections, or temporary reactions during the infusion, like itching and redness. It is crucial to consult your doctor immediately if you notice serious symptoms, including severe breathing difficulties, persistent cough, yellowing of your skin or eyes, or unusual skin changes. Early reporting of these issues helps your healthcare team manage them safely.
Do not take this if you have an active hepatitis B infection or have had life-threatening allergic reactions to this medicine in the past. Before starting, talk to your doctor if you have any active infections, a history of hepatitis B, or a history of cancer, as this treatment can affect your immune system. Your doctor will perform key health checks before your first dose.
This medicine may interact with other treatments that weaken your immune system or with live vaccines, which should be avoided before and during therapy. If you are pregnant, planning a pregnancy, breastfeeding, or are an older adult, talk to your doctor or pharmacist to carefully weigh the safety of this treatment for your specific situation. They will help you make a safe, informed choice.
Uses of Ocrelizumab
Medicinal Benefits
Ocrelizumab offers meaningful, real-world support for individuals living with multiple sclerosis by protecting the nervous system from immune system attacks.
- Fewer disease relapses: It helps keep your symptoms stable for longer periods, reducing the frequency of painful or disruptive flare-ups that interrupt daily life.
- Slower disability progression: It helps preserve your physical mobility, allowing you to maintain your independence and continue daily activities for a longer time.
- Fewer brain lesions: It reduces the formation of new areas of damage in the brain and spinal cord, as observed on periodic MRI scans.
- Convenient schedule: Because it is taken only twice a year after the initial starter doses, it frees you from the burden of daily pills or frequent self-injections.
Directions for Use
- Follow your doctor's instructions on the dosage and timing of this medication to ensure safe and effective use.
- Ocrelizumab will be administered by the doctor or healthcare professional through the intravenous route.
- Do not self-administer.
Storage
Side Effects of Ocrelizumab
Common Side Effects (Usually mild):
- Upper respiratory tract infections (like the common cold, runny nose, or sore throat)
- Infusion-related reactions (such as skin itching, redness, mild hives, or headache during or shortly after the injection)
- Skin infections or cold sores
- Mild cough or fever
Serious Side Effects (Consult your doctor right away):
- Signs of a severe infusion reaction, such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, tongue, or throat, or severe dizziness
- Symptoms of a liver infection, including extreme tiredness, yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, or upper stomach pain
- Signs of a serious brain infection, which may include new or worsening confusion, changes in vision, loss of coordination, or weakness on one side of your body
- Unusual skin growths, changes in moles, or new lumps (especially in the breasts)
Medicines Containing this Salt
View AllDrug Warnings
- Check the solution: Before your infusion begins, make sure the solution is clear to slightly cloudy and colourless to pale brown. It should not be used if it is discoloured or contains distinct particles.
- Complete vaccinations early: Ensure you receive all necessary vaccines (especially live vaccines) at least 4 to 6 weeks before starting this treatment, as live vaccines should not be taken during therapy.
- Monitor the injection site: After your infusion, monitor the area where the needle was inserted for signs of infection, such as redness, warmth, swelling, or leaking fluid.
- Tell all your doctors: Inform any dentist, surgeon, or specialist you visit that you are receiving Ocrelizumab, as it affects your immune system for several months after a dose.
- Track your symptoms: Keep a daily journal of any new or worsening symptoms, especially neurological changes, and share them with your care team before your next scheduled infusion.
Drug Interactions
- Immunosuppressants or chemotherapy: Combining Ocrelizumab with other medicines that weaken the immune system can significantly increase your risk of severe infections.
- Vaccines (especially live vaccines): Receiving live vaccines while on this treatment can lead to vaccine-related infections, as your immune system is less active.
Drug-Drug Interactions Checker List:
Safety Advice
Alcohol
consult your doctorThe interaction of alcohol with Ocrelizumab is unknown. If you have any concerns, please discuss them with your doctor.
Pregnancy
cautionIt is unknown if Ocrelizumab will harm your foetus. Women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception while receiving Ocrelizumab and for 6 months after the last dose of Ocrelizumab.
Breast Feeding
consult your doctorIt is unknown if Ocrelizumab is excreted in breast milk. Therefore, take your doctor's advice if you are a breastfeeding mother.
Driving
cautionAvoid driving or operating machinery if you feel uncomfortable after receiving Ocrelizumab.
Liver
cautionFor patients with liver disease, it is crucial to undergo hepatitis B screening before initiating treatment with Ocrelizumab, as those with active HBV infection may be at risk of severe and potentially life-threatening complications.
Kidney
cautionOcrelizumab can be administered to patients with mild kidney problems. Still, it is unknown for those with moderate or severe kidney problems as its safety and efficacy were not fully established.
Children
unsafeOcrelizumab is not recommended for children below 18 years of age, as its safety and efficacy were not established.
Habit Forming
Diet & Lifestyle Advise
- Prioritise food safety: Because this medicine lowers your immune response, you are more prone to infections. Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly, cook meats to safe temperatures, and avoid unpasteurised dairy products.
- Stay active with low-impact exercise: Engage in regular, moderate physical activities like swimming, walking, or stationary cycling. This helps maintain muscle strength, flexibility, and balance without overheating your body.
- Manage body temperature: Multiple sclerosis symptoms can flare up when you get too warm. Take cool showers, use cooling vests during hot weather, and avoid hot tubs or saunas.
- Focus on an anti-inflammatory diet: Incorporate foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids (like salmon, walnuts, and flaxseeds) and plenty of leafy greens to support brain and nerve health.
- Get adequate vitamin D: Ask your doctor to check your vitamin D levels, as maintaining healthy levels of this vitamin is highly beneficial for people managing multiple sclerosis.
Patients Concern
Disease/Condition Glossary
Multiple sclerosis: It is a chronic and disabling neurological disorder that impacts the central nervous system. It damages the protective layer surrounding nerve fibres, disrupting communication between the brain and the rest of the body and leading to a wide range of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms.
FAQs
Ocrelizumab belongs to the group of medications called monoclonal antibodies used in the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) in adults.
Ocrelizumab contains ocrelizumab. It works by targeting and destroying certain types of immune cells called B cells. In multiple sclerosis, these B cells attack the myelin sheath, the protective covering that envelops nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord. By destroying these B cells, Ocrelizumab reduces inflammation and slows down the progression of multiple sclerosis.
The side effects of Ocrelizumab include swelling or pain in hands, legs, arms, or feet; upper respiratory tract infections; cough; itchy skin; rash; nausea; headache; and dizziness. Most of these side effects gradually resolve on their own over time. However, please consult your doctor if these symptoms persist or worsen.
Please inform your doctor before taking other medicines while being treated with Ocrelizumab. Your doctor will determine which medicines should not be taken along with Ocrelizumab.
Ocrelizumab is contraindicated in patients with active Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and those with a history of life-threatening infusion reactions to the medication. Patients with these conditions should not receive Ocrelizumab due to the risk of serious and potentially life-threatening complications.
After your first two starter doses (given two weeks apart), you will receive Ocrelizumab as a single infusion once every six months. Talk to your doctor to establish your exact treatment schedule.
You should avoid receiving live vaccines while using this medicine and for several months after your last dose. Non-live (inactivated) vaccines may be given, but they might not work as well. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist before getting any vaccination.
Hair loss is not a commonly reported side effect of this medicine. If you notice unusual hair thinning or loss, it could be related to other factors, stress, or other medicines. Talk to your doctor for guidance.
There is no direct interaction between alcohol and this medicine, but alcohol can sometimes worsen MS symptoms like balance issues and fatigue. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about safe alcohol limits.
This medicine is generally not recommended during pregnancy as it can affect the immune system of the unborn baby. It is advised to use effective birth control during treatment and for at least six months after your last infusion. Talk to your doctor if you are planning a family.
Some patients experience mild infusion reactions like itching, headache, or a scratchy throat during or shortly after the infusion. These are usually managed easily with pre-treatment medicines. Talk to your doctor if you feel unwell after your appointment.
This medicine can cause the hepatitis B virus to become active again in people who carry it, which can lead to severe liver damage. A simple blood test before starting ensures it is safe for you to take. Talk to your doctor to learn more.
