Dandruff and dry scalp are very common and easily managed. For dandruff, look for over-the-counter medicated shampoos containing active ingredients like ketoconazole, selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione, or salicylic acid. Gently massage the shampoo into your scalp, leave it on for 3 to 5 minutes so the active ingredients can work, and then rinse thoroughly. Use this 2 to 3 times a week. If you suspect it is mostly dry scalp, alternate with a gentle, sulfate-free moisturizing shampoo and avoid hot water. If your symptoms persist or if you experience severe itching and redness, it is best to consult a dermatologist.