Melasma causes dark patches on the face and commonly develops because of sun exposure, hormonal changes, heat, stress, genetics, pregnancy, thyroid problems, or the use of certain cosmetics. The pigmentation usually appears on the cheeks, forehead, nose, or upper lip and may become darker with sunlight and heat exposure. Improvement is often gradual and may take several weeks or months with consistent skin care. Daily sunscreen use is one of the most important steps in controlling melasma because sunlight can worsen pigmentation repeatedly. Broad-spectrum sunscreen, protective clothing, hats, and avoiding excessive sun exposure may help prevent darkening further. Doctors sometimes advise creams containing ingredients such as azelaic acid, kojic acid, niacinamide, glycolic acid, or hydroquinone, depending on skin type and severity. Gentle cleansers and moisturisers may also help support skin barrier health. Avoid harsh scrubbing, frequent bleaching, steroid-containing fairness creams, or trying many products together because these may irritate the skin and worsen pigmentation. Proper sleep, stress control, and hydration may also support healthier-looking skin over time. Consult a dermatologist for a personalised treatment plan if the patches continue spreading or darkening.