Vaginal swelling and pain can happen for several reasons, such as a local infection (like a yeast or bacterial infection), irritation from soaps or tight clothing, minor injury from friction, or a blocked gland near the vaginal opening (sometimes called a Bartholin gland swelling). The best treatment depends on the cause, but some simple steps can help in many cases: keep the area clean and dry, avoid using scented products or harsh soaps, wear loose cotton underwear, and avoid sexual activity until the pain settles. Warm water sitz baths (sitting in a tub of lukewarm water for 10-15 minutes) can reduce swelling and discomfort. If the problem is due to an infection, a doctor may prescribe antifungal or antibiotic medicines after an examination. You should seek medical care promptly if the swelling is severe, there is a lump, pus, fever, burning while passing urine, or if symptoms do not improve within a few days, as proper diagnosis and treatment are important.